Science Limitations

Science is a great way to learn and understand how our universe works. Once we learn science, we're opened many new doors and can even learn how to manipulate our very own universe. Throughout the course of human events, science has helped mankind overcome a wide range of issues. However, science is a double-edged sword and has also brought many new issues.It is important to place limitations on science and research in order to prevent or abate anything that can go wrong during the ursuit of knowledge. The pursuit of knowledge can often blind one of potential problems that can arise during or after an experiment. â€Å"l collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. † (Shelly 285) In Frankenstein, we can see that Victor becomes very elated to what he might infuse to his creation.However, he does not consider what might potentially go horribly wrong during this process. He doesn't think anything ca n fail because the power to create something has shrouded his Judgment. It is for this very same reason why we have many energy and environment crises in our world today. Many scientists wish to help a company, themselves, or humanity and are engulfed by the end result that they become ignorant to any possible unwanted byproducts or results. Jeremy Rifkin also elaborates on the ignorance caused by the pursuit of knowledge in Biotech Century. Fears over the possibility of transgenic genes Jumping to wild weedy relatives heightened in 1996 when a Danish research team observed the transfer of such a gene – something critics of deliberate-release experiments have arned of for years and biotech companies have dismissed as a remote or nonexistent possibility. † (Rifkin 31 5) Rifkin explains that the transfer of genes from altered crops to weedy relatives could create super weeds that are resilient to herbicide, pests, and viruses. These super weeds would cause farmers to spra y even more herbicide on them.Naturally, this would affect our food supplies because we would be spraying so many harmful chemicals to the soil and to the food that eventually ends up at our dinner table. The companies and scientists seeking either onetary gain or any form of knowledge, deny any possibility of any deviations from their plans. Seeking to create plants that are resilient is a noble cause; however, ignoring the proven fact that it can also destroy the environment through the unintentional genesis of super weeds is another example of shrouded Judgment.The examples on ignorance, instigated by the pursuit of happiness, which Shelly and Rifkin elaborate upon, are clear reasons why there should be limitations imposed on scientists. Shelly also demonstrates how scientists meddle with nature and attempt to usurp nature's role. l pursued nature to her hiding-places. † (Shelly 286) Victor was obsessed with the idea of having the power to create life. â€Å"†¦ listen ing attentively, demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life. † (Shelly 289) Up until then, Victor was drunk with the idea that he was going to create the perfect specimen and the next evolution of man.Once Frankenstein was born, Victor was horrified that his plan to usurp nature had backfired. He realized Frankenstein was a â€Å"demoniacal corpse† and not human. This wasn't a simple experiment where you could redo an experiment many times for a favorable result. Victor had created a monstrous living creature. He had introduced the living creature to an exotic environment, physically superior to others, intimidating in appearance, and predestined to be persecuted in a world where he had no idea why he was there.Rifkin also gives insight to the topic of scientist's endeavor to usurp nature's role. â€Å"In Just the past 18 months, genetically engineered corn, soy and cotton have been planted over millions of acres of U. S. farmland. Genetically engineered insects, fish and domesticated animals have also been introduced†¦ † (Rifkin 313) Companies are ntroducing thousands of new living specimens into real environments without a single thought of the real problems that could come out of these actions.Just like Victor, theyre caught up in the moment of having the power to create new life that has never even existed in nature prior to scientific advancements that allowed it. Consequentially, these new genetically engineered specimens can have disastrous effects on exotic environments that aren't used to having them. They're the modern Frankensteins. Rifkin appeals to the reader's ethos by saying that, similar to Frankenstein, these enetically engineered creations are the works of man and are potential threats to any ecosystem they enter. â€Å"Genetically engineered products also reproduce. They grow and they migrate. (Rifkin 313) This means that the genetically engineered products of a lab can freely migrate themselves to any part of the world they can tolerate.Everyone is aware of the destruction brought by introducing exotic animals/ plants to ecosystems that are in harmony. Scientists are playing â€Å"ecological roulette† when they release these engineered creations because even if they were to admit or ind out that their creations had devastating effects, they would be unable â€Å"recall genetically engineered organisms back to the laboratory, especially those organisms that are microscopic in nature. (Rifkin 313) Rifkin and Shelly both make outstanding arguments on why there should be limitations on science where scientists dare not tread for the sake of order. They agree that the power to create life instills an ignorance that also gives birth to new sets of potential problems. Science will always be present in society because it holds a lot of prominence. Science is how we understand our universe and it allows us to hape it as well.Science has helped mankind out of the caves, increased the average life span, and also let us Journey to places where man could only dream of. Of course, like anything in this world, science will require a cost to advance. The cost can be in the form of problems that were nonexistent in nature before that sometimes do not outweigh the benefits. These same problems will also challenge our own humanity as well and our future on this planet. For these reasons, Rifkin, Shelly, and I believe that whilst science is a powerful force for the advancement of the human Is planet.

Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird” Essay

In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is a man of action. He will never sit idly by while danger is afoot. He steps in, takes charge, and does the job right. Atticus is a man the town can call upon when crisis has arisen. One concrete example of this ability would be the Mad Dog incident. Tim Johnson ran rabid in the streets of Maycomb, and the man called for the job was none other than Atticus Finch. Atticus solved this problem with one well placed gunshot, but this would be only the beginning. The rabid dog Atticus shoots is echoed later in the novel in his attempt to save the community from committing an act of madness. The responsibility of defending Tom Robinson is given to Atticus in the identical matter that Heck Tate gave Atticus the responsibility of defending the town from Tim Johnson. Shooting and wounding a rabid dog can just make the situation worse, just the same as wounding a town’s system of beliefs and values, and as Heck says, both situations are â€Å"a one shot job.† (109) One Shot Finch is brought in to solve the problem. Defending Tom to the point of waiting outside his jail cell, protecting him from a lynching mob shows Atticus’s willingness to carry out a task completely. In this scene he comes against an entire pack of mad dogs armed torches and pitchforks and running rabid with prejudice, ignorance and rage. This situation is a great deal more intense for Atticus, because this time his children are involved. Even with a pack of vengeful, drunken, and angry men staring down Atticus and his two children Atticus still stays calm and â€Å"put the newspaper d own very carefully, adjusting its creases with lingering fingers.† (173) The same calm is shown in the dog scene Scout believes he moves gracefully, â€Å"like an underwater swimmer.† (109) In the trial scene, Atticus must face the toughest pack of mad dogs, yet; the jury. Foaming at the mouths with preconceived notions of how the trial will end, Atticus must attempt the impossible and try to convince a panel of white people that a black man is innocent. Like making a careful shot, Atticus takes aim and sets up all his opponents. He then strikes them all down with one swift move. The sad thing about this fight is that everyone knows that there is no way Atticus can win. â€Å"Atticus Finch won’t win–he can’t win. But he’s the only man in these parts who could keep a jury out so  long in a case like that.† (247) This, however, is all beside the point. The point is that everyone in that courtroom sees Atticus gun down the prosecution with cold, hard evidence, and does so with a certain finesse and dignity that no other lawyer in the town of Maycomb could possess. â€Å"He’s not supposed to lean, Reverend, but don’t fret, we’ve won it. Don’t see how any jury could convict on what we heard.† (238) No matter how good of a shot Atticus is, the jury was already infected with a seemingly incurable madness. Bob Ewell is the ideal personification of a mad dog to the town of Maycomb. Most of the community doesn’t even attempt to treat the Ewells like citizens. â€Å"The Ewells are members of an exclusive society made up of Ewells.† (34) Bob Ewell has gone mad with jealousy and hatred. He feeds on hatred. Though Atticus attempts to retain some respect for Mr. Ewell, he thoroughly maintains his higher standards whenever Bob comes looking for trouble. â€Å"Atticus was leaving the post office when Mr. Ewell approached him, cursed him, spat on him, and threatened to kill him†¦ but Atticus didn’t bat an eye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (249) Even in a literal sense, Bob Ewell is foaming at the mouth. This mad dog is shot down by means of public humiliation, however. â€Å"I destroyed his last shred of credibility at that trial, if he had any to begin with.† (250) Bob Ewell’s reputation had been shot dead. In conclusion, the series of events after the mad dog incident are all too similar to be purely coincidental. A common theme of the mad dog runs through crisis just as a common theme of the mockingbird runs through peace. Situations involving mad dogs are Atticus’s responsibility, and it becomes evident that Atticus is called upon to pull a lot of weight in the town of Maycomb. Atticus Finch will continue to answer the call for help, no matter where it comes from, or what its for.

The Importance of Logistics in Providing

Logistics involves controlling and managing the movement of goods and services, information and products from the point where they are produced up to the market place.   In other words, it deals with the information and physical flows of the raw materials to the final distribution of finished products.   Logistics also involves the management of information and storage of materials, parts of the finished goods in the chains of supply, through procurement stages, work-in-progress to the final distribution. According to cooper (1994), the goal of logistics is to maximize future and current profitability in order to acquire customer satisfaction and also satisfying their orders through the cost effective analysis (Rushton, Oxley & Croucher, 2000). Customer service and Logistics Majority of today’s companies consider customer service as a very crucial phenomenon in their businesses.   In the past customer service was mainly based on the needs of the customer without taking in consideration what real requirements or even the perceptions of these customers.   It is therefore necessary to comprehend the customer requirements and service will always differ not only between industries and companies but also between the market segments that a business might seem to have (Rushton, Oxley & Croucher, 2000). Complexity of the provision of customer service is also another important requirement that needs to be noted and understood clearly.   This is because customer service links the processes of logistics and distribution and many influences relevant to customer service may evolve within these processes; such as the range from ease of ordering stock that is available to the reliability of delivery. It is also important to balance the cost of provision with the level of service provided.   High costs of providing customer service that is even greater than what a customer actually requires has resulted in the downfall of many service offerings in companies. Therefore, the key to attaining quality and successful customer service policy is through the development of appropriate policies and objectives which involves liaison with these customers.   It is also important to monitor, control and measure all the set up procedures (Rushton, Oxley & Croucher, 2000). The components of the logistics customer service may be identified as a transaction –related elements with emphasis being placed on specific service that is provided for instance on time delivery.   It may also be viewed as functional attributes related to the entire aspects consisting of the order fulfillment such as taking of orders. In order to reflect the timing and nature of particular service requirements transaction elements are usually put into three categories: Pre-transaction elements, transaction elements and post-transaction elements. Pre-transaction elements consist of customer service factors brought about as a result of the actual transaction that takes place. They involve: accessibility of order personnel, method of ordering, system flexibility, written customer service policy single order contact point, transaction elements organizational structure and order size constraints. Transaction elements on the other hand are the elements that are related to those other elements mostly concerned with logistics and distribution.   These elements include: delivery of complete order, delivery time, order preparation, delivery reliability, order cycle time, availability of inventory, condition of goods, order status information and delivery alternatives. The post-transaction elements consist of those elements that arise after the process of delivery has been fulfilled.   These elements include: call-out time, returns policy, availability of spares, product tracing, involving procedures, customer complaints and procedures, claims procedures and involving accuracy. Another classification of customer service elements is that one of multifunctional dimensions.   This classification has the objective of assessing the various components of customer service available across a range of the whole functions of the company so as to strive to gain a seamless service provision.   For instance, time is made up of a single requirement which covers the whole range of span from the placement of order to the delivery of the order – the order cycle. This approach has the impact of enabling the delivery of some very relevant measures of logistics.   The multifunctional dimensions include: dependability which means the guaranteed accurate and fixed delivery time, flexibility which is the logistics customer services ability to identify and respond to the changing needs of customers’ time that is usually order cycle time and communication which helps in the easy of order taking processes (Rushton, Oxley & Croucher, 2000). There elements of customer service differ and their significance will also vary according to the company, concerned market and the product.   Therefore, it is important that a customer service policy exists which will help in the undertaking of the various segments of the market that exists. The customer service policy also involve the awareness of the needs of customers or those of the segmentation; identification of clearly defined quantifiable standards available for customer service, understanding any trade – off that may exist between the levels of customer service and that of the costs, measuring the service that is provided and lastly liaison with customers so as to enhance an appreciated and understanding of the provided service (Rushton, Oxley & Croucher, 2000). How logistics customer service affect a company’s sales and customer loyalty Customer service involves ways in which an organization deals with its customers and it is mostly seen in sales and after-sale service.   Customer service in logistics should also include all the processes that are involved in the value chain.   To acquire customer focus, there is need to obtain a good customer service.   Poor customer relations on the other hand are as a result of the availability of poor customer service (Peck & Christopher, 2003). Increasing levels of competitive pressure and difficulty with the aim of maintaining and increasing profitability is what most of today’s companies face.   The management of these companies are being faced with the challenges of innovating and seeking strategies that could help in the advancement of the competitive advantage and profitability of their awareness of the significance of logistics in their organizations hence the need for a specialist. Logistics customer service plays a very crucial role in the overall outcome of a company’s sales and customer loyalty.   The outcome could be negative or positive depending on the quality of the customer service that is being provided by an organization.   Poor customer service in logistics could result in poor customer loyal.   The poor services include high costs, poor delivery time, and poor goods that the company could be offering, lack of enough inventory among other things.   This not only affects customer relations and loyalty but also the sales of the company (Peck & Christopher, 2003). The earlier on discussed elements of logistics customer service play a very crucial role to the buyers of the products in the company.   Lack of adherence to these elements by an organization often leads to the fall in the overall company’s sales and customer loyalty.   Profitability of the firm depends on how a company handles carriers out these elements. An organization is bound to gain loyalty from its customers when it strives to strengthen the relationship between them as this will enhance the company’s sales hence profitability is increased.   This relationship involves good communication and honesty from the logistics customer care service loyalty can only be enhanced through good customer service provision.   Customer loyalty is bound to deteriorate if they are offered with poor services or the company’s sales are such that they are too high as compared to their expectations of the goods and services that a company provides (Peck & Christopher, 2003). Customer service plays a vital role in logistics hence its major concern.   The level and quality of logistic customer service provided will directly impact on the company’s cost and implication, its profitability and the market share.   Poor logistic customer service will result in the company’s lose of customer hence losing their loyalty as well.   The end result therefore means that the company will have to incur high costs in trying to shape its image and also in the recruitment of other personnel. The company has also got to strive in order to increase its market share.   On the other hand effective logistic customer care will result in the improved market share, profitability and low cost incurred by an organization (Peck & Christopher, 2003). Customer service in logistics and be viewed as an activity which means what a company actually provides for its customer service department that mostly handles special orders, billing, complaints among other things.   Similarly the provision of customer service can also be viewed as a measure of a company’s performance.   For instance if a company can deliver completed orders at least 24 hours of the receipt and 95% on time, this means that this company provides good customer service. It is therefore, important that the logistics customer service provides quality service in the manner in which they handle customer’s complaints, handling their orders and the speed of delivery.   This will have a positive impact on the company’s sale and customer loyalty (Gourdin, 2006). In addition, if the logistics customer service system is managed in a way that it can provide the customers the level and standard of services that they require, this will   result into customer satisfaction hence accompany is able to reap maximum benefits and at the same time retain the loyalty of its customers. Another factor that determines how logistic customer service impacts on company’s sales and customer loyalty is honesty.   Honesty means that an organization should be able to fulfill its promises to its customers.   If a company pledges more than what it can guarantee, it means that the customers will get dissatisfied.   This as a result, will lead to the fall of the number of customers that a company has hence, losing the customer’s loyalty and this eventually leads to a fall in the company’s sales.   It is therefore important that manager do not overstate the services they intend to offer their customers (Gourdin, 2006) To conclude, in today’s market, competition is stiff and customers are more demanding with regards to goods and services that are offered by companies.   The expectations concerning service provisions and this therefore calls for the understanding of what is valued by the customers and also a company needs to focus on the processes so that this value is delivery consistently. References Gourdin, K., (2006) Glogal Logistics Management: A Competitive Advantage for the 21st Century. Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 1405127139. Peak, H. & Christopher, M. (2003) Marketing Logistics. Elsevier. ISBN 0750652241. Rushton, A., Oxley, J., & Croucher, P., (2000).   The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Manage.   Kogan Page. ISBN 0749433655.

Understanding Inclusive Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Understanding Inclusive Education - Essay Example Hence, according to Ferguson, the biggest challenge of the time is to have learning opportunities available to every one and all the time, no matter where the learner resides and what kind of physical fitness he possesses. Thomazet (2009) discusses, in his research, the important of inclusive education. According to him, inclusive education means providing learning opportunities to students with special needs in ordinary institutes. He asserts that inclusive education tends to integrate such differentiating practices that â€Å"allow children and adolescents, whatever their difficulties or disabilities, to find in an ordinary school an educational response, appropriate in its aims and means, in ways that do not differentiate between them and the other pupils of the school† (2009: 563). Such practices make the school inclusive, and benefit the students in a myriad of ways. All special needs are catered to, as the school and the educators take the responsibility of including the student in every activity and learning process. Inclusiveness is the next step to integration, states Thomazet (2009). Forlin et al. (2009) conducted a research regarding demographic differences in changing pre?service teachers’ attitudes, sentiments and concerns about inclusive education. The researchers conducted their study on an international data set of 603 pre?service teachers to determine how their demographics changed their attitudes toward inclusive education, and found that inclusive classrooms have raised the need for teachers of regular schools to get prepared to teach diverse student population. The researchers emphasized the importance of teacher training, because they thought that teachers were the primary initiators of inclusive educators. According to them, it is... This paper approves that dyslexia is a learning disability, and teaching dyslexic children in mainstream schools involves specially designed teaching strategies. It is important to understand the problems of such children in classroom, in order to plan lessons accordingly. Such children with special needs require special support with their learning styles. This essay makes a conclusion that it must be said that children with special needs require the same level of attention, or perhaps even more, as their normal peers. They must be given the same level of educational services, and must be provided necessary modification in their instructional process, so that their learning may be enhanced. Including children with special needs or with learning/physical disabilities in learning and performing in classrooms can be a very challenging task for teachers. It is crucially important to encourage inclusive education, in which the classroom is converted into such a learning environment where students with special needs are encouraged to learn and develop self-confidence, without having to face ridicule. Holistic environment in classroom setting and learning style assessment are the most important inclusive practices that must be ensured in order to provide equal learning opportunities to students belonging to all age and capability categories. In short, this paper pondered upon the concept of inclusive education in great detail, and focused on the fact that inclusive education must be ensured in order to improve the level of education of a country. This paper can prove to be very helpful as a guide toward inclusive education for educators, students, and parents.

Locating Bony Landmarks Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Locating Bony Landmarks - Coursework Example To locate the bony structure that engulfs the chest is known as the thoracic cage or rib cage and is made up of 25 different bones: 24 ribs and1 sternum. The sternum is a thin horizontal bone that is made up of three joined bones namely of the xiphoid process, the gladiolus, and the manubrium. The manubrium is the most superior fragment of the sternum and has a unique concave superior design called the suprasternal notch. One can feel the suprasternal notch by inserting the middle finger of your hand straight in the frontal midline at the back of the neck. The horizontal facet of the manubrium, note the coastal aspect of the first pair of rib and the demi facet for the second pair rib. The frame of the sternum is the central, elongated section of the sternum whose horizontal margins are concave six times. Once with a demi facet for the second pair of rib and five times with coastal surfaces for third pair ribs and pair numbers seven. The sternal outlook the brim of merging between th e body and the manubrium is an essentially quantifiable landmark as it is the location of connection of the second rib, lesser to which is the second intercostal space. At this particular points, auscultation of distinct heart valves can best be felt. The xiphoid process is the lower-most section of the sternum and has no coastal surfaces linked with it. Normally the xiphoid process is a small sword-like however occasionally it is bifid and from time to time it has a foramen or hole in it. In both males and females, there are 12 pairs of ribs.

Service Encounter Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service Encounter Journal - Essay Example Therefore, the objective of the report is to analyse the service encountered while availing the services of four different organisations namely, Emirates Airlines, Commonwealth Bank, Wrest Point Tasmania and Eagle Boys Pizza. Thus, to enhance the measurement of the service encounters, two service marketing theories namely, level of customer service and the flower of service model will be used (Lovelock, Wirtz, & Chatterjee, 2010). Lastly, the dissatisfactory services encountered from the two organisations will be discussed and recommendations for improving them will be made. Most Satisfactory Encounter The Flower of Service According to Lovelock, Wirtz, & Chatterjee (2010), services can be of two types; facilitating supplementary services and enhancing supplementary services. Facilitating services are essential in the distribution of the service or to provide an aid to the core product. Whereas, augmenting additional services add value for the consumers. He further classified the ser vices; facilitating services included order taking, information, billing and payment and enhancing services included hospitality, exceptions, consultation and safekeeping. These classified services are illustrated through a flower diagram where the centre of the flower is the core product or service surrounded by the petals that included the different services. Thus, the name flower of service emerged through the diagram (Scribd Inc, 2012). The Flower of Service Source: (Scribd Inc, 2012). Theoretical Application in Satisfactory Level: Emirates Airlines Facilitating supplementary services are related to the services provided by the Emirates Airlines with regard to information concerning the timetable of the aircraft, availability and rate of the tickets, and company’s promotional activities among others. The company ensures that customers conveniently can access informations that matters them most. Furthermore, the company uses modern techniques to provide information to the customers, such as information through SMSs and emails. Billing and payment information are generated smoothly and quickly through electronic receipts. Emirates Airlines has facilitated customers by providing the option of debiting the account through online technologies. Enhancing services provided by the company ensures that the hospitality is provided to the optimum level by their onboard staff. With the new Boeing A380, customers are provided with private suites, shower spas and in-flight Wi-Fi among others. They make the customers feel that they are present in their own home. It has further made representatives available either physically or over the phone through 24 hours’ help-line centres where the best available opportunities or benefits to the customers are consulted. Safekeeping has also been given priority by Emirates, which ensures that children are provided with goodie bags and cartoon games for hyper active children, which will engage them for long hours, thus, reducing the tensions felt by parents while travelling with younger children (Emirates, 2012). Theoretical Application in Satisfactory Level: Commonwealth Bank The Commonwealth Bank is regarded as the foremost financial institution in Australia. Its developed services have enabled them to understand customers’ core values and respond to any requests quickly and politely (Commonwealth Bank of

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Economics - Essay Example In this case, the government may increase spending or reduce taxes or simultaneously adopt both measures to raise the aggregate effective demand. In this case, the government faces a budget deficit. Adopting an expansionary fiscal policy facing a situation of depressed economic activities reflected in lowered aggregate output levels and rising unemployment is the Keynesian prescription. Such policies are considered by governments during economic downturns. Contractionary Fiscal policy refers to a situation of raised taxes or lowered government spending or both in pursuit of curtailing the aggregate demand. Generally such policies are adopted to counter an inflationary situation fuelled by rising demand. Adoption of contractionary fiscal policies is considered during the upturns of the business cycles. An expansionary fiscal policy is illustrated in the diagram below using a standard IS-LM framework. As government spending rises with or without reduced taxes, the aggregate effective demand rises for all rates of interest and thus assuming sufficient unused productive capacities this implies a decline in unsold stocks leading to increased output for all rates of interest thereby leading to a rightward shift in the IS curve. As a result, the aggregate real output rises (Y1 to Y2) and so does the real rate of interest. The rise in rate of interest is caused by a rise in the government borrowings. However this rise in interest rates dampens the private inducements to invest. This is known as a crowding out effect as in essence private investments are crowded out by raised government borrowings (Mankiw, 2002). Thus, we see that while an expansionary fiscal policy may be successful in increasing the real aggregate national income and generating employment, it also leads to a decline in private investments which in turn reduce the effective demand. Thus, in the process of increasing borrowings to fund the excess spending or reducing taxes,

Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business Assignment

Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business - Assignment Example Despite small businesses enjoying a wide range of advantages over their large business counterparts like lower initial costs, flexibility in terms of operations and maximization of the few niche of customers that they handle, there are still several issues and challenges surrounding the handling of such businesses if not just a few that they have to contend with and manage. The issues revolve around finances of such organizations, management problems including wrangles in leadership and employee issues (Associates & Granville, 1989). The simple survey I carried out revealed to me a gist that many small businesses are at the dire risk of being bankrupt, this majorly arises due to the fact that most small businesses do not have at their disposal a wide range of financial sources to get money (Associates & Granville, 1989). Undercapitalization has also been highly attributed to poor planning and management of the few resources that are at their disposal, in our case there are very creative innovations without financiers. This is also largely attributed to the fact that a private businessperson has access to all the finances of the business and may not be in possession of all the knowledge to manage the resources (Hisrich, 2004). Another contributor to the financial challenges is the fact that small businesses all financial liability finally rests on a single person who becomes liable to all business debts in case of liability hence financial burden. Apart from undercapitalization, most small businesses suffer businesses also suffer problems of general mismanagement due to lack of skills by their owners who act as the central managers to the businesses (Hisrich, 2004). ... Apart from undercapitalization, most small businesses suffer businesses also suffer problems of general mismanagement due to lack of skills by their owners who act as the central managers to the businesses (Hisrich, 2004). This problem can only be eliminated if management can be separated from ownership. Actually this problem as observed in many small businesses resulted from a myth called the â€Å"Entrepreneurial Myth† where an expert in a given filed is believed to be in the position of running a successful business in the same field. This is normally not the case (Associates & Granville, 1989). Problems with employees is normally not that much in small businesses but still due to one on one touch with all its employees the business at times come to loggerheads with its employees (Hisrich, 2004). To help on the challenges above several legally instituted businesses are at the disposal of an entrepreneur to pick from when considering alleviating such issues. One is the sole proprietorship: this is a business entity where there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business (Hisrich, 2004). The owner enjoys all the profits and the benefits, has all the control in business operations with the only major challenge being difficulties in raising capital and harsh local authority taxation laws and regulations (Hisrich, 2004). Secondly, we have the partnerships. As opposed to sole trader, partnership is an association of more than one individual and a maximum of around twenty who in an association spirit comes together and draws what we call a partnership deed that is a legal binding document for all partners (Associates & Granville, 1989). This document defines their extent of operation and business insolvent. In this form of business, profits

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

International Business - Essay Example hift in the policy happened is the question to be discussed in this essay as it will analyze as to why the government withdrawn from intervening in the market and what may have changed over the period of time. In UK, the architects of the free market policies were Margret Thatcher who was largely considered as the Prime Minister with the mandate to reverse the economic decline of UK. The major influence on Margret Thatcher was from Milton Friedman- a Noble Prize winning economist whom she described as the reviver of economics of liberty.(Cornwell,2006). It started with the privatization process initiated basically in order to make institutions more competitive because of the long term chronic problems of the UK economy. The process of privatization was slow and done in phases where the government gradually sold their stakes in the public enterprises to make them function under the private management in order to make them more efficient. (Cook, 2009). The long term failure of fiscal economics as UK was facing strong inflationary pressures. The policy response from Thatcher government was to gradually decrease the State intervention into the affairs of the free market by leaving them on the ir own to float and regulate the market. Further, the initial steps also included banning unionism within the organizations to increase their efficiency and at the same time providing rights to the workers in order to balance the power within the organizations. Another very important measure taken while making a stride towards free markets was the fact the monetary policy was made largely independent. However, it was largely directed at controlling and managing inflationary pressures on the economy. Interest and tax rates were cut besides reducing expenditure on the social security nets in a bid to lessen the influence and intervention of government from the market. As a result of this, UK witnessed a gradual decrease in its inflation and could achieve growth rates which were

Current censorship of internet in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Current censorship of internet in China - Essay Example This essay analyses the process of media filtering in China that is by far the only country that is practicing the process very extensively. Unlike many countries, the internet censorship in China is carried out at multiple levels to ensure that no unfavorable information reaches the users through internet. The major reason behind China’s severe censorship is that unlike other countries that have been aiming at a single objectionable area to be blocked, China has listed a number of issues ranging from political to moral as objectionable and required to be censored. Internet censorship in China has its roots inveterate in times before the invention of internet. Every form of media has been censored through it various stages. Although internet censorship has its existence in almost all the states within which internet is accessible to a common man, the role of censorship in authoritarian states like China and Saudi Arabia has an increasing importance. It is because of the fact t hat the internet provides the nongovernmental organizations and citizens to reach out to the global communities, arrange global activities, express their ideas and obtain the non-conservative ideas of the non-Chinese. Since such activities pose a direct threat to the government of China, there is a continuous monitoring of internet usage and filtering of certain material from the internet to maintain the eroding governmental control. The content that is available online is censored on the basis of the ideas and thoughts expressed in them.

Final Paper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final Paper - Movie Review Example Tweedy devises a new way to feather their nest. Rather than collecting the eggs, Mrs. Tweedy decides to turn the fowls into pies! With the assistance of Rocky Rhodes, who is a new arrival and a self-professed Lone Free Ranger, Ginger finally comes up with a brilliant and heroic escape arrangement that frees them all in (Clifford, 2000). The film â€Å"Logans Run changed sci-fi blockbusters forever† borrows widely from the cult novel written by William Nolan and George Johnson. The film was set in 2274, a time when the leftovers of humanity will be living in a world that is computer-controlled, conserved, domed city following an apocalypse. The 23rd-century society as presented in this film is pretty much a utopia. People have to do shopping, take medication and have sex to their satisfaction as the computers take care of reproduction and child rearing. On turning 30, one is perceived as irrelevant and hence one should try his/her luck in a bizarre ritual known as The Carousel. In this ritual, citizens dressed in masks and robes hover upwards and are vaporized in the believe that they are being renewed. This research paper is an analysis of the contribution of a pair of films used as course work training in political science. The paper seeks to establish if the two films selected should be included into the c onstrained list of political study (Tunner, 2014). The co-directors and co-producers Nick Park and Peter Lord, have created prominence in the art of animation. The movie is a caricature of and homage to the great prison break movies we have watched. Park/Lord in one of the movies recounts the â€Å"Great Escape.† This experience is similar to Ginger’s whose attempts to get out were thwarted by "goons," However, the indefatigable Ginger keeps on trying until Rocky comes to her rescue and hope for escaping into the imaginary Paradise Farm is invigorated. Asked to give my opinion on the movie’s level of perfection, I would categorically say that

Reverse Osmosis for Wastewater Recycling Essay Example for Free

Reverse Osmosis for Wastewater Recycling Essay Reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposes, such as agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, or groundwater basin replenishment, is growing in response to environmental and economic concerns. One of the key factors involved in recycling wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent for another use is the need to reduce total dissolved solids (TDS). This is often done by using a reverse osmosis (RO) system, which relies on pressure differential to force a solution (in this case, water) through a membrane that retains the solute on one side and allows the pure solvent to pass to the other side. While extremely effective on biologically treated wastewater, RO systems need to be coupled with an effective pretreatment system to avoid common issues that can result in system failure, including plugging, fouling, and scaling. One of the most effective pretreatment options for wastewater applications is membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology, in which a membrane process like ultrafiltration (UF) or microfiltration is combined with a suspended growth bioreactor. MBR provides high quality feed water to the RO, minimizes footprint and the cost of civil works, and reduces treatment plant downtime, thereby reducing operating costs. Koch Membrane Systems’ PURON ® submerged MBR technology has successfully been used as the pretreatment option for challenging industrial and municipal water reuse RO systems, and can help make water recycling technologies more cost-effective. Reverse Osmosis Systems Present Challenges for Water Reuse Pretreatment methods are critical when designing RO systems. For example, RO membranes used for most water reuse applications contain a brine spacer, typically made of low density polyethylene mesh netting. If there is a high level of suspended solids in the feed water, this brine spacer can become plugged. Another issue is the high levels of organics contained in many biologically treated wastewaters, which are rejected by the RO membrane and progressively concentrated as the water flows across the membranes. This concentration of organics can foul the membrane, especially towards the RO system outlet. Biofouling can also occur, because the organics in wastewater make an excellent food source for microorganisms. Also, some treated wastewaters contain high levels of bacteria, so biogrowth may occur quickly even if RO feed water is disinfected. Finally, calcium phosphate scaling can cause problems with RO systems operating on some wastewaters. The scaling can be mitigated by operating at lower water recovery, using acid or other antiscalant to minimize scaling, or modifying the operating conditions of the WWTP to reduce the amount of phosphate in the RO feed. These plugging, fouling, and scaling issues mean that the RO system needs to be operated at higher pressures, leading to increased power consumption, increased chemical costs for cleaning, and a shorter membrane life. How can these challenges be minimized and overall water reuse system lifecycle costs reduced? Effective pretreatment of the feedwater before it flows through the RO system is the answer, provided that the pretreatment steps are chosen carefully to ensure that the RO system can work as intended. Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment Options There are many different pretreatment options, and the best for a particular process depends on power, chemical, labor and land costs, wastewater source, and the existing wastewater treatment system. Conventional Pretreatment The conventional effluent pretreatment scheme might be primary treatment, biological treatment and, the most crucial part of the process, solids-liquid separation using secondary clarification. The conventional sedimentation process often doesn’t remove enough bacteria and suspended solids, so sand filtration may be added to improve the solids-liquid separation and provide higher quality water to feed the RO system. Using ferric chloride along with the sand filtration may enhance solids and organics removal. However, upsets in the secondary clarifier can lead to effluent with higher levels of TSS and BOD, causing plugging of the brine spacer with suspended solids and organic fouling. Also, power consumption for RO systems with this type of pretreatment tends to be high, and membrane life is often quite short. Lime-softening has been somewhat more successful in protecting the RO membranes, but this increases operating costs and does not totally prevent fouling of RO membranes. Ultrafiltration Improves Suspended Solids Removal As RO Pretreatment Many of today’s water reuse systems use an ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment step to emove suspended solids. These systems typically use hollow fiber UF membranes, which do an excellent job of providing water with low suspended solids to feed the RO system. However, the UF system is an extra treatment step, requiring additional footprint, and adding to operating costs. The UF system may also be susceptible to upsets from a conventional WWTP, which can further increase its operating costs. Membrane Bioreactor As RO Pretreatment With an MBR, the UF membranes are submerged in the activated sludge to combine the biological step and the solid-liquid separation into a single process. The membrane acts as a barrier, which improves the effluent quality. The MBR eliminates the secondary clarifier and does not rely on gravity for liquid-solids separation and so allows the activated sludge to operate with a higher mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration. The increased MLSS concentration reduces bioreactor tank volume, saving footprint and capital construction costs. Overall, the MBR process reduces footprint significantly compared to the combination of conventional activated sludge followed by sand filtration or ultrafiltration. The footprint savings due to the wastewater treatment plant alone can be as much as 50 percent, along with additional footprint savings from eliminating other filtration steps. Using MBR technology also simplifies the overall treatment train, minimizing the number of unit operations. Benefits Of Koch Membrane Systems’ PURON MBR Technology Koch Membrane Systems’ PURON submerged hollow fiber UF module offers robust, cost effective solutions for RO pretreatment. The patented membrane module contains hollow fibers, the lower ends of which are fixed in a header. The upper ends are individually sealed and are free to move laterally, as shown in Figure 1. The PURON module is submerged in the mixed liquor. All solids and particulates remain on the outside of the fibers while permeate flows in an outside-in pattern by means of a vacuum that evacuates permeate through the inside of the hollow fiber. | The free moving fibers, combined with central air scour aeration, ensure stable filtration during plant operation, long membrane life, and lower operating costs due to reduced need for energy, cleaning and maintenance. PURON MBR has been used successfully as the pretreatment step for a number of challenging industrial wastewater systems. For example, a Belgian firm that manufactures chemicals for film processing and printing uses large amounts of fresh water for cleaning and production. The firm began reusing its wastewater to reduce its fresh water costs, and selected an RO system to produce water with the low salt and nitrogen content required for its process. The firm installed a PURON submerged hollow fiber MBR as the pretreatment step prior to the RO, and the system has been operating successfully since 2005. Another example is an Australian malt-producing company that sought to reduce its use of fresh water by recycling its wastewater. PURON MBR technology was selected as the pretreatment step for the RO system, since it provided the best quality water to feed the RO while minimizing overall operating costs. The MegaMagnum ® RO system recovers the MBR effluent as product water for reuse. The system has been running since 2006. In fact, the RO permeate quality is equal to or better than the local potable water supply. Space Cost Considerations Treatment operation footprint is a primary consideration in developing the best treatment system. Since the PURON MBR system reduces the volume of the bioreactor tanks and eliminates the secondary clarifier, the footprint for an MBR process is much smaller than tertiary filtration steps with sand filtration or UF. If space is limited, MBR may be the only pretreatment choice that fits in the available space. Other considerations include costs of land, civil works, equipment, power, chemicals and labor, and the payback period used. High land and civil costs tend to favor MBR use. For large municipal treatment facilities requiring RO as a final treatment step, an MBR should compare favorably to conventional wastewater treatment as a pretreatment step prior to RO. In a 20-year analysis the municipality should realize savings in RO membrane replacement and power as a result of the MBR pretreatment step. For an industrial company looking at a short payback, the preference for conventional or MBR technology will depend on the relative cost of civil works and land versus the equipment cost. Conclusions Using RO systems to reclaim and recycle wastewater effluent is growing rapidly, and Koch Membrane System’s PURON MBR technology is now being considered as the pretreatment option for an increasing number of industrial and municipal reuse applications. The PURON submerged membrane modules provide high quality feed water to the RO, minimize footprint and the cost of civil works, and reduce the susceptibility of the RO treatment train to upsets. PURON is a trademark of Koch Membrane Systems GmbH and is registered in Austria, Benelux, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. MegaMagnum is a registered trademark of Koch Membrane Systems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Wastewater Recycling for the Stone Fabrication Industry As a stone fabricator you’re looking for a wastewater treatment system that keeps you in compliance, but wouldn’t it be nice to save some money too? That’s where our wastewater recycling and treatment systems come in. These zero discharge, closed loop systems collect the water you use for polishing, cutting, and other processes; cleans it thoroughly, and recycles it so you can use it again. Your wastewater is never discharged into the public system during this process, so you have no chance of being out of compliance. Between the money you’ll save on non-compliance fees and the reduced cost of your water bill, the return on your investment will be substantial. And because we use the most durable, well-designed components on the market in each wastewater recycling system, you can be sure this system will run efficiently for as long as you need it to. We even design and manufacture some of those components in house, including: * Filter presses * Clarifier systems * Chlorine dioxide generators * Control panels * More The solid, smart construction of our zero discharge wastewater recycling systems results in a wide variety of beneficial features, including automation options, expandable filter presses that can accommodate your business as it grows, the ability to accommodate flow rates for 10 GPM – 200 GPM, the ability to filter solids water down to below 1 micron, and more.

Comparative Study Between Pizza Hut And Dominos Business Essay

Comparative Study Between Pizza Hut And Dominos Business Essay This research is based on service comparison of pizza hut and dominos. Delivering quality service is of utmost important. This research is based to test the quality of service and comparison between two pizza Houses. The fast food industry of India is experiencing phenomenal growth and is one of the fastest growing sectors in the country, with the compounded annual growth rates of the market crossing 25%. Further, on the back of changing and busy lifestyle, fast emerging middle class population and surging disposable income, the industry will continue to grow at a pace in coming years. It now accounts for roughly half of all restaurant revenues in the developed countries and continues to expand there and in many other industrial countries in the coming years. But some of the most rapid growth is occurring in the developing world; where its radically changing the way people eat. People buy fast food because its cheap, easy to prepare, and heavily promoted. This paper aims at providing information about fast food industry, its trend, reason for its emergence and several other factors that are responsible for its growth. This report provides extensive research and rational analysis on the Indian fast food industry and tracks the changing dynamics of the market. It features market performance, key related sectors and competitive landscape of the market. The research study looks into the market condition and future forecasts, and outlines current trends and analyses. It has been made to help clients in analyzing the opportunities, challenges and drivers vital to the growth of fast food industry in India. For the purpose of this report, Fast Food Industry includes fast food restaurants, teahouses, coffee shops and juice bars in India. Consumers will be feeling the impact of the crisis far more over the coming months and will have to adjust their daily habits and attitudes accordingly. There are already clear signs pointing in this direction, which are not necessarily detrimental to food retail. In times of economic crisis, the cocooning effect tends to emerge and this involves consumers focusing increasingly on activities within their own homes. For example, they will go out less in favor of enjoying evenings in. These behaviors will impact primarily on the restaurant industry, with the lack of consumption outside the home made up for by the purchase of food products to be eaten at home, the research group noted something which has already been seen in a number of countries. Although only around half of consumers will actually be affected by the crisis, the situation will have a major impact on food retail. The various sectors, industries and retail will all be affected by the economic crisis to varying degrees. There will be losers, but also winners in this downturn. The 6000 corer fast food retail industry is mainly dominated by the multinational players and the key players which are active in the research of the food retailing include: Pizza hut Pizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Brands, Inc., which also has KFC, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silvers under its umbrella. Pizza Hut is the worlds largest pizza chain with over 12,500 restaurants across 91 countries. In India, Pizza Hut has 137 restaurants across 36 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune , and Chandigarh amongst others. Yum! Is in the process of opening Pizza Hut restaurants at many more locations to service a larger customer base across the country. Dominos Dominos vision is focused on Exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world! . Dominos is committed to bringing fun and excitement to the lives of our customers by delivering delicious pizzas to their doorstep in 30 minutes or less, and all its strategies are aimed at fulfilling this commitment towards its large and ever-growing customer base. Dominos constantly strives to develop products that suit the tastes of its customers, thereby bringing out the Wow effect (the feel good factor). Dominos believes strongly in the strategy of Think local and act regional. Thus, time and again Dominos has been innovating toppings suitable to the taste buds of the local populace and the Indian market has very well accepted these. Problem statement Why do people prefer Pizza-Hut over Dominos pizza (In respect of service, quality, price, location)? Research Objective To find out the comparative analysis between Pizza-hut and dominos-pizza. To check out the preferences of the people / or the customers. To find out which factors are more preferred by the customers. BACKGROUND OF THE PIZZA-HOUSES Dominos Story The Dominos Pizza story is one of passion, determination, the ability to overcome adversity and most importantly, a single-minded dream of becoming number one in the pizza home-dining industry. Four Decades Of Experience The 60s Dominos Pizza began with one store in Ypsilanti, Michigan on December 9, 1960. Its owner, Thomas S. Monaghan, was a 23-year-old student at the University Of Michigan School Of Architecture who was looking for a business venture to sponsor his studies. With his brother James, he bought an existing pizza store called Dominicks Pizza. He soon found himself absorbed in the pizza business and immediately began to make improvements. Although a novice in terms of pizza making skills and knowledge of the industry, Monaghan had the self-determination to get the job done and to do it better than anyone else. What was needed was to consistently make great pizzas fast and safely deliver them to the customers door. His partnership with his brother was dissolved in 1961, by 1965, Monaghan own three stores and officially changed the company name to Dominos Pizza, Inc. A pioneer and innovator in the pizza delivery industry, Monaghan continuously looked for better and faster ways to handle the rush. He developed a fast pizza-making method and an efficient order taking system. From the moment the phone rang to the time the pizza was delivered to the customers door, Monaghan stressed the need for hustle. Never get behind was the operating motto. Even though delivery drivers were instructed to abide by the traffic laws at all times, once they got out of their delivery vehicles they were to run to the customers house, ensuring a piping hot pizza. Capitalizing on the success he had found in his three stores servicing college campuses, Monaghan adapted the same successful system at Michigan State University in 1967. A massive pizza craving population of 20,000 students living on one campus, offering one size of pizza with only six toppings to choose from and introducing the companys 30 minute pledge soon made this store the companys biggest money maker. This store is also notable because it solidified in Monaghans mind the need to expand. Monaghan sold his first franchise to Charles Gray on April 1, 1967, after personally training Gray for the job himself. The company suffered its first serious setback when on February 8, 1968 the companys central office and commissary were destroyed by fire. The company was inadequately insured and Monaghan was only able to recoup $13,600 in losses. Nevertheless, Monaghans belief in his dream drove him to push the company forward once again. By the end of 1969, Dominos Pizza, Inc., consisted of 42 stores reporting an estimated $8.1 million in total sales. The 70s Despite its high turnover, Dominos was $1.5 million in debt. By 1970, its creditors took action and 200 lawsuits were filed against it. Monaghan lost control of the company to the banks, only to have it returned to him 10 months later in worse condition than when they had taken it over. Monaghan and his wife managed to salvage what was left of the company and once again took off in pursuit of their dreams. Monaghan focused on rebuilding the trust of his creditors and the companys reputation and spent much of his time visiting his stores, talking with store managers and team members, and observing them in action. He continued to emphasis the Dominos system of simplicity and speed. Passing on his enthusiasm for the nature of the business and creating a friendly, competitive environment, Monaghan also implemented the Manager of the Year award, a national honor presented to the companys best store crew chief. Knowing what made Dominos different; primarily its unparalleled successful system of promoting from within, pizza makers, delivery drivers and order takers all knew they had the opportunity to advance through the ranks to become a store manager or even a franchisee. This not only encouraged a spirit of entrepreneurship, but also ensured a dedicated, industrious workforce. Ten years later Monaghans vision of promoting from within to build the best company with the best people paid off as 92% of Dominos Pizza franchisees had started their careers in the company at entry level jobs. Maintaining his persistence on making training a top priority, a week-long new employee orientation program was developed as Monaghan toured the country visiting stores. After a decade and a half of sixteen hour shifts and endless obstacles to overcome, Monaghan and Dominos Pizza were finally running smoothly. By the end of 1974, there were nearly 100 stores amassing $20.4 million in sales. Late in 1974, Monaghan received a letter from Amstar Corporation which had been using the trademark Domino since 1900. It demanded that he change his companys name. With nearly 100 stores nationwide and growing public recognition and acceptance, Dominos Pizza was being told to return to the starting gate. On September 30, 1975, Amstar filed suit against Dominos Pizza for trademark infringement. Dominos lost the case and was forced to operate all new store openings under the name Pizza Dispatch. But 1980 brought a positive conclusion to the lawsuit, with the company being permitted once again to operate under its long-established identity of Dominos Pizza. The company ended that year with 398 stores recording $98 million in sales. Franchising also continued to grow. In fact, by this time, most of the companys growth came from its strong franchise base, and the majority of the franchisees were from the internal ranks. Opportunity kept the Dominos Pizza team motivated and highly productive. There was something big waiting for everybody who was willing to work for it. Monaghan often referred to his franchisees as the very heart of the company and time and time again they have proven this to be true. With their energy, dedication and financial investment, they would help bring Dominos Pizza to a level of success beyond what Monaghan had ever imagined possible. The 80s In 1983 the company celebrated the opening of its first international store in Winnipeg, Canada. Dominos Pizza International, which Monaghan called the companys hope for the future, became in part responsible for much of the companys later movement and growth. 1983 also saw the opening of the companys 1000th store in Colorado Springs, Colorado. After a quarter of a century of honing its pizza making and delivery systems, Dominos Pizza knew the pizza delivery business. In 1985 tens of thousands of customers around the world showed their confidence in the company by ordering 135 million pizzas during that year, an astonishing 69% increase over the previous years sales. By 1989 Dominos had opened its 5000th store. The 90s By 1992 the international division had opened its 500th store outside the United States. The domestic market continued to grow with the introduction of innovative variations to the original pizza recipe as well as creative up-sell items. 1993 was shaping up as another major year for Dominos until December brought one more crisis: a $79 million judgment against the company in a lawsuit alleging the 30 minute guarantee was at fault in a St Louis traffic accident. After days of soul-searching, Monaghan decided to withdraw the guarantee permanently, a move that made headlines worldwide such was Dominos renown. Not only is Monaghan credited with pioneering the multi-billion dollar pizza delivery industry, but also with numerous inventions. He is responsible for the corrugated pizza box, conveyor ovens, and Doug mixers, insulated bags to transport pizzas in, the pizza screen, Doug trays and, most important to the success of his own business, a unique franchising system enabling managers a nd supervisors to become independent business owners. In 1999 Monaghan, a deeply spiritual man, decided it was time to give back to the community much of the wealth he had accumulated as a result of his 39 years at the helm of this great company. So he sold Dominos Pizza to Bain Capital, an organization with a proven track record of identifying companies with significant growth potential, and steering them to achieve that potential. The Future Many changes have been made since Dominos was sold to Bain Capital, and a new spirit of excitement has paved the way for the future. Despite encountering setbacks and obstacles along the way, the story of Tom Monaghans 39 years at the helm of Dominos Pizza is one of never giving up on your dreams. What began as one mans vision evolved into a thriving worldwide industry? Dominos Pizza India Limited Dominos Pizza India Limited (DPIL) is the master franchisee for India, Srilanka , Bangladesh and Nepal from Dominos Pizza International Inc., USA. The company had been promoted by Mr. Shyam S. Bhartia and Mr. Hari S.Bhartia of the Jubilant Organosys Group (Formally Vam Organic Group). The Company was incorporated in March 1995. The First Dominos Pizza store in India was opened in January 1996, at New Delhi and today after nine years Dominos Pizza India has grown into a countrywide network of over 100 outlets in 27 cities, which includes:- North Delhi, Gurgaon, Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jallandhar, Dehradun, Shimla, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Noida, Faridabad, Mussoorie South Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Coimbotore, Mangalore, Cochin, Secundrabad, Manipal, East Kolkatta West Mumbai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Goa Dominos intends to penetrate completely within these markets by opening up 20-25 outlets per year in these cities. Dominos has a young and enthusiastic team of over 2,100 employees. Today, Dominos has emerged as the leader in the fast food segment with about 65% of market share of pizza delivery in India and have outlets more than any other corporation in the business of food, not just the pizza business. All the Company outlets are corporate outlets invested by the company and also managed by the company. Over a period since 1996, Dominos Pizza India has established a reputation for being a home delivery specialist capable of delivering its pizzas within 30 minutes to its community of loyal customers from its entire stores around the country. Customers can order their pizzas by calling the single countrywide Hunger Helpline 1600-111-123 and Dominos was the first one to start this facility for its customers. Dominos vision is Exceptional people on a mission, to be the best pizza delivery company in the world!. Dominos is committed to bringing fun and excitement to the lives of our customers by delivering delicious pizzas to their doorstep in 30 minutes or less, and all our strategies work for fulfilling this commitment towards our large and ever-growing customer base. Dominos constantly strives to develop the product that suits the taste of its customers to bring out the WOW effect (i.e. the feel good factor). Dominos believes in the strategy of Think local and act regional that is blended with a playful image personified by our Hungry Kya? positioning. Thus, time and again Dominos has been innovating toppings, suitable to the tastebuds of the locals and these have been very well accepted by the Indian market, are doing extensively well in the market. We are constantly in the process of innovating further; we introduce new topping every 3 -4 months Dominos understands customers demand and is constantly developing local flavors understanding the local sentiments. Also, the ingredients, sauces etc. are made keeping in mind the taste buds of Indian consumers while retaining the international flavor. Dominos constantly strive to make the company an integral part of the lives of the target audiences by getting involved with the clientele at the emotional level and building long-term relationship with them. Thus, Dominos concentrate more on carrying out below-the-line activities in the area it serves. Dominos believe in bringing fun and excitement into the lives of our clientele. We take our delivery proposition very seriously and our entire corporate ethic is based on it. Dominos is the recognized world leader in Pizza delivery. But it isnt just about delivering; its also about giving back to the community. Dominos believes that an essential component of corporate responsibility is to provide support to charitable organizations that benefit the communities where its employees and customers work and live. Dominos worldwide is known for its commitment toward social causes and believes in adding fun to the lives of our customers and communities it serves. In India, Dominos has been associated with the NGOs devoted to the cause of underprivileged Childrens. Dominos conducts Store Educational Tour (SET) for the underprivileged children time-to-time. Recently this was done in the one of the Dominos outlet in Delhi and Mumbai with the underprivileged children from CRY (Child Relief and You) where Dominos took the pledge to provide part-time employment to the eligible wards from CRY who are above 18 years, reiterating its commitment towards social causes. Also, fifty- percent of that days first 20 deliveries of the store were given to CRY toward the cause of the underprivileged children. The children had a gala time while they learned to make and bake pizzas at the store and finally tasted the sumptuous offerings made by them during the Store Educational Tour. Dominos Pizza India also boasts about its commitment to serve its customers on time by implementing the 30 MINUTES OR FREE service commitment, they have been able to achieve this as a result of continuous efforts and dedication of the entire team in improving operating efficiencies. Dominos Pizza India has been consistently rated amongst the top 2 pizza chains worldwide in the Dominos family by Dominos International, in terms of quality of operations. Our pizza delivery times have also been judged as the best delivery times in the world across all Dominos. PIZZA HUT INDIA Background Pizza Hut entered India in 1996, and opened its first restaurant in Bangalore. Since then it has captured a dominant and significant share of the pizza market and has maintained an impressive growth rate of over 40 per cent per annum. Pizza Hut now has 95 outlets across 24 cities in India; and employed nearly 4,000 people by end of 2004. Yum! has invested about US$ 25 million in India so far; this is over and above investments made by franchisees. Yum! Brands Inc is the owner of the Pizza Hut chain worldwide. A Fortune 300 company, Yum! Brands own Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silvers restaurants worldwide. Yum! Generated more than US$ 25.9 billion in worldwide sales in the year 2003, and has more than 33,000 restaurants in over 100 countries. A major player in the Indian fast food and beverage sector Market share Pizza Hut is believed to have close to 50 per cent market share of the organized pizza-retailing segment in India. Financial performance According to an article in Financial Express, the market size of the pizza segment is around US$ 87 million and currently growing at the rate of 15 per cent to 17 per cent per annum. According to Pizza Hut sources, most of their outlets are financially successful, encouraging further expansion. In India, the average investment for each outlet is US$ 275,000-335,000 and is borne by the franchisee. Factors for Success Offering value food Employing economies of scale, Pizza Hut has made its offerings more affordable. Its delivery offer of US$ 4.4 for four personal pan pizzas has been very successful; helping it grows the business by 25 per cent. They have recently introduced a range of vegetarian personal pan pizzas for US$ 1.1. Most Pizza Hut restaurants are located in the metros and smaller metros. In taking long strides across the country, Pizza Hut is consolidating its position by opening more restaurants in the metros where it already has a presence as well as opening outlets in new markets. Moving beyond metros According to company sources, Pizza Hut is moving beyond the metros and foraying into 12 to 13 new markets including Trichy, Nagpur, Bhubhaneswar, Thiruvananthapuram and Pondicherry to increase penetration. Aggressive marketing and tie-ups with local and popular brands Pizza Hut has increased its visibility by launching a well-received TV campaign aimed at the young crowd. It has formed partnerships with recognized brands such as Nestle and Pepsi. It also holds regular promotional campaigns targeted at children and uses these alliances to offer packages during these campaigns. Developing the local supply chain The local supply chain for Pizza Hut was developed by Yum! and currently 95 per cent of the ingredients they use are locally produced. They now import very few specialty items like pepperoni. Leveraging the India Advantage : International brand with an Indian heart Pizza Hut is one of the first international pizza chains with purely vegetarian dine-ins at Chowpatty (Mumbai), Ahmedabad and Surat, which also serve Jain menus. Pizza Hut has even opened two all-vegetarian restaurants in the western state of Gujarat to cater to the Jain religious community, whose members prefer not to eat at places where meat is served. Offering more than the international menu International food chains typically offer only a few localised products in other parts of the world. However, Pizza Huts local menu is as large as the international one. According to Pizza Hut, the Indian food heritage is very rich, and hence Indians like local flavours. The Tandoori range of pizzas, which was developed locally, has a menu mix of over 20 per cent. Indigenous sourcing of raw materials Pizza Hut has reduced costs through indigenous sourcing of raw material. It has tied up with a local company Dynamix Dairy Industries Ltd (DDIL) for sourcing mozzarella cheese. The landed cost of imported mozzarella comes to US$ 3.3 3.5 per kilogram. The domestic price, however, works out to US$ 2.99 3.1 per kilogram. Pizza Hut is adding to the bottom line by localising equipment as well as by paying attention to inventory replenishment, which has been reduced from 60 to 30 days. Future plans According to Yum! Restaurants International, India is amongst the top five growth markets for Pizza Hut. Pizza Hut is also experiencing double-digit growth in India and hence is confident about expanding its operations in India. Pizza Hut hopes to increase the number of Pizza Hut outlets in India to 180 by the end of 2008 from the present figure of 130. The expansion programmed will make Pizza Hut the fastest growing western restaurant chain in India. In addition, Yum! plans Pizza Hut to be in 42 cities by end of 2007, and 55 cities by end of 2008. Conclusions: Keeping up the sentiments of Indian customers and services offered by Pizza-houses and Keeping our study focused on some of the key -areas of sensitivity of customers preferences (analysis of factors which affects the preferences). We come to a conclusion that : Pizza -hut is preferred() over dominos in terms of Varity of Pizzas Good ambience Services offered Quality of pizzas Location of the Outlet Waiting time in the outlet Dominos is being preferred over pizza-hut in terms of: Door step services Low pricing So we can say that due to these qualities Pizza-hut dominates Dominos -pizza In different areas and capture the market share and gain rapidly. Recommendations For Dominos Increase varieties in Pizzas. Focus on location of the outlets. Increase the quality of Pizzas Make good ambiance in outlets Should focus more on market zing itself confidently. For Pizza-Hut Try to attract more number of Ladies customers. Should focus on Low price customers. Make the door step services better

Key Consumer Behavior Issue Marketing Essay

Key Consumer Behavior Issue Marketing Essay The brief overview of the article is about Jet Star as Australian low cost airlines that going to spend more budget in social media marketing instead of using high price conventional way. Jet Star is facing an issue in how to compete with other airlines company and whether Jet Star can be success in changing consumer attitude toward its new plan in advertising. This becomes the key issue in consumer behavior raised by the reporting. An explanation of how the article relates to consumer behavior theory So basically this article is relevant to be selected since it is related with theory of consumer nature of attitudes and also changing the cognitive component of attitudes through the way Jet Star advertise in social media. The first theory is about the nature of attitudes. While on the attitude there were two components which are cognition and emotion. Cognition is about beliefs of attitude, while emotion is about consumer feeling to an entity. Also there is hierarchy of effects exists that relates consumer emotion, thought, and behavior together with marketing communication. The first one is standard learning hierarchy (learn-feel-do); the next is the low-involvement hierarchy (learn-do-feel) and finally is the experiential hierarchy (feel-do-learn). (Solomon, Russel-Bennet, and Previte, 2010). Based on that theory, Jet Star is applying the standard learning hierarchy. This is similar to process where consumer attitudes are being constructed. Consumer sees their preference in decision making as a problem solving process. The first step is they collecting the knowledge about the product, in this case is airline ticket, about the price and the differences among other airlines and in feeling stage, consu mer evaluate whether the price is suitable for them and finally consumer begin to realize the decision by real action in choosing to buy the Jet Star ticket flight. It seems that from this hierarchy, consumer tends to be bonded with the product instead of buying other product. This hierarchy makes consumer to have high involvement by discovering any knowledge of the product and then come out with a conclusion. (Solomon, Russel-Bennet, and Previte, 2010). Again based on Solomon, Russel-Bennet, and Previte (2010), the aim of marketer in attitude change is to make consumer go through their product, or go in opposition to competitors product. There are two ways in changing consumer attitudes, by changing the cognitive component of learn and by changing the emotional component of feel. In changing cognitive component of attitudes, marketer can use any message that constructing the argument, drawing conclusion, or use comparative advertising. While on the other hand to change emotional component of attitudes, marketer can use any feeling such as humor or fear to change consumer attitudes. Apparently in this case based on the nature and consumer relationship with the product, Jet Star is using changing the cognitive component of attitudes to influence the attitude of its potential consumer. The way they choose is constructing the argument in which Jet Star try to argue and persuade the consumer about the advantage of them by choosing Jet St ar as flying partner. So basically in this case, Jet Star wants to change the attitude instead of consumer feeling through this kind of social advertisement. There are two kind of measuring argument, the first one is supportive argument, and the other is refutational argument (Lecture slide, 2010). Using Twitter and YouTube as well, Jet star is presenting all of positive characteristics that they can offer in their service. It always does promotion in twitter and show how great they are on their service in the flight and mainly what they sell is their super cheap price. However, Jet Star can be considered as having refutational argument as well when the negative issues is raised and then solve it. This case appear from twitter, in which Jet Star is being asked by people or potential consumer who followed Jet Stars account about negative thing, such as complaining, and then effectively, Jet star could solve the problem directly to the consumer. Implications for marketing or advertising in the category, or industry, or sector discussed by The article In order to compete and win the consumer with the new plan in advertising, Jet Star should stick with their plan to invest more in social media and online advertising. This is based on evidence that from previous year in 2009 where they had try to launch the advertisement in social media, the result came into a huge success as the cost of doing advertisement in conventional media is became more costly and fragmented. Moreover, with the usage of social media, Jet Star could minimize the cost of using conventional media and get higher ability in reaching the consumer. Using social media as tool for reaching consumer, could makes Jet Star to reach hundred from thousand prospective consumer, just with one uncomplicated online message. (Reed Group, 2010). Hopefully consumer is required to change their attitudes in choosing a service from Airline Company, and in order to do this, the consumer needs to adapt with this kind of advertising in social media. Only little adaptation that they needed, as this kind of new way in advertising is now part of consumers social daily life. In conclusion, using YouTube which is open video sharing site as medium for advertising representation of the future (Incisive Media, 2010) and twitter that has many users out there and searches on trending topics are to be anticipated place for mass advertise ads (Bernoff, 2010), will make Jet Star to successfully change consumer attitude from using another airlines into using Jet Star flight service. In addition if people using twitter and have to go through direct link into Jet Stars main page, they will come up to website that have predicate as the fastest homepage load time of Australian airlines website (Marketing Mag, 2009). Furthermore, in the future Jet St ar could change consumer attitude in getting information about their service from conventional way, into adapting up to date information of service offered to consumers social daily life. And the reason of their future success is based on the fact that they will shift 40% of their marketing budget into social media that had been proved before, in which this idea is getting phenomenal responses (Incisive Media, 2010). Main article Reed group, 2010, JETSTAR to shift 40% of spends online, viewed 15th April 2010, . Secondary article Bernoff,J., why you should advertise on twitter, viewed 15th April 2010, . Incisive Media Investments Limited, 2010, YouTube hailed as advertising medium of the future, viewed 15th April 2010, . Marketing Mag, 2009, Tiger and Jetstar big winners online, viewed 15th April 2010, . Solomon, M. R., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J, 2010,  Consumer Behaviour: Buying, Having, Being. Prentice Hall/Pearson Education, Australia. Lecture slide, 2010, Consumer behavior; attitudes and attitude change, University of Queensland Attitude and Attitudes Change Benno Arsanto 41953734 Faculty of economic, University of Queensland

Analysis of Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteri

Analysis of Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria by Beverly Daniel Tatum 'Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria'; by Beverly Daniel Tatum Ph.D. is a book of many subjects, theories, ideas, as well as opinions that are discussed, challenged and criticized. Are we free from racism? Why, are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? These questions I hope to answer for myself and for others. One of Beverly Tatum's major topics of discussion is racial identity. Racial identity is the meaning each of us has constructed or is constructing about what it means to be a white person or a person of color in a race-conscious society. (Tatum, pp Xvii) She talks about how many parents hesitate to talk to their children about racism because of embarrassment and the awkwardness of the subject. I agree with her when she says that parents don't want to talk about racism when they don't see a problem. They don't want to create fear or racism where none may exist. It is touchy subject because if not gone about right, you can perhaps steer someone the wrong way. Another theory she has on racial identity is that other people are the mirror in which we see ourselves. (tatum pp18) 'The parts of our identity that do capture our attention are those that other people notice, and that reflects back to us.'; (Tatum pp21) What she means by this is that what other people tell us we are like is what we believe. If you are told you are stupid enough you might start to question your intelligence. When people are searching for their identity normally the questions 'who am I now?'; 'Who was I before?'; and 'who will I become'; are the first that come to mind. When a person starts to answer these questions their answers will influence their beliefs, type of work, where they may live, partners, as well as morals. She also mentions an experiment where she asked her students to describe themselves in sixty seconds. Most used descriptive words like friendly, shy, intelligent, but students of color usually state there racial or ethnic group, while white students rarely, if ever mention that they are white. Women usually mention that they are female while males usually don't think to say that they are males. The same situation appeared to take place when the topic of religious beliefs came up. The Jewish students mentioned being Je... ...Sitting Together in the Cafeteria; Basic Books, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022-5299; ïÆ' £1997 Appendix 1) Why does she seem like a racist herself?: She always is talking about how white people benefit so much from things they don't even realize they benefit from. Well how about all the special groups and organizations that are set up just for black people. I think she should take another look at our society before she says that white benefit so trememdously. I am not saying whites do not benefit more but she really, really drills this opinion and I disagree. 2) She seems like she is telling everyone they way they should think: I don't get why she is so hung up on telling people who they should call what, and what they should do about it. Half of her book is about letting people feel free to be who they are, being proud of ones back round, and having a mind of your own and thinking for yourself. 3) Why does she believe so much in Affirmative action?: If Affirmative action was to be implamented then white people would be discriminated just because they were white. If she is trying to abolish racism, causing racism towards another race isn't solving the problem.

Patient with Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder Essay

Index Diagnostic Impressions Medical Conditions Psychosocial Factors Case Conceptualization Assessment Recommendation Treatment Recommendations Works Cited Diagnostic Impressions: Borderline Personality Disorder; R/O Substance Abuse Disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder Medical Conditions: Arm and leg lacerations, digestive tract irritation as result of toxic elements ingested, gastric suction, effects of alcohol use, effects of cocaine use, and effects of physical abuse through Ecchymosis Psychosocial Factors: History of physical and verbal abuse, parental disapproval, academic problems, moving to a new country, cultural differences, language differences, withdrawal from peers, and negative comparison to siblings Case Conceptualization: Client, Maria, is a seventeen-year-old Hispanic female presenting with symptoms consistent with Borderline Personality Disorder. The client was pleased with her appearance yet she seemed as if she was on the verge of tears throughout the sessions. Maria reported that her reason for coming to the clinic was due to her hospitalization following the ingestion of Drano, however, after analyzing her case there were numerous precursors and signs that lead toward this suicide attempt. The client and her family immigrated to America from Mexico when she was thirteen-years-old causing a language and cultural barrier between the client and her peers. She does indicate that her father often was dissatisfied with her personal life choices and told her that â€Å"she was nothing.† The clinician believes that these difficulties, in addition to the physical abuse inflicted on her by father, are factors in the client’s development of the disorder. The father influenced Maria to... ...hat the most important function is â€Å"structuring the environment† in a way that reinforces progress and does not continue to cause the negative emotions (Bohus et al., 2010). This could include modifying her peer group to not include those who use substances, having family work with the client to emphasize progress and not failure, and re-involve in activities she withdrew from prior to treatment (Bohus et al., 2010). Works Cited Bell, K. (2012). Anorexia Nervosa. Department of Psychology, Capital University, Columbus, Ohio. Bohus, M., Haaf, B., Stiglmayr, C., Pohl, U., Bà ¶hme, R., & Linehan, M. (2010). Evaluation of inpatient Dialectical-Behavioral Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder — a prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. Butcher, J.N., Hooley, J.M., & Mineka, S. (2013). Abnormal psychology (16th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Drugs -Tolerance, Dependence, Addiction and Treatment Essay

There can be a great deal of confusion surrounding the words addiction, physical dependence, and tolerance. People will use these words as if they are referring to the exact thing, but there is a significant difference between them . Misunderstandings about these terms can not only be confusing for the general public but also many in the medical profession. One of the main culprits blamed for this confusion is the fact that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has chosen to use the word dependency instead of the word addiction and people assume this to mean physical dependency. Drug tolerance is commonly encountered in pharmacology, when a subject’s reaction to a specific drug and concentration of the drug is progressively reduced, requiring an increase in concentration to achieve the desired effect. Drug tolerance can involve both psychological drug tolerance and physiological factors. The following are characteristics of drug tolerance: it is reversible, the rate depends on the particular drug, dosage and frequency of use, differential development occurs for different effects of the same drug. Physiological tolerance also occurs when an organism builds up a resistance to the effects of a substance after repeated exposure Drug dependence is that it is a condition resulting from the prolonged and usually intense consumption of a drug or drugs which has resulted in psychological and/or physiological dependence on drug consumption. This dependence causes significant problems in one or more areas of the person’s life.Humans adapt so well to having these substances in their system that they suffer negative consequences if the drug is stopped abruptly – these are referred to as withdrawal symptoms. Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by compulsive drug use. While each drug produces different physical effects, all abused substances share one thing in common: repeated use can alter the way the brain looks and functions. Drug addiction is a dependence on an illegal drug or a medication. When you’re addicted, you may not be able to control your drug use and you may continue using the drug despite the harm it causes. Drug addiction can cause an intense craving for the drug. You may want to quit, but most people find they can’t do it on their own.What many people do not know trying a drug for the first time is that it can make you addicted after the first time you use it. People thi nk to themselves, â€Å"I won’t be that person who gets all messed up on drugs†,  they try it, and their hooked. Drug addiction is a serious problem we are facing in our culture today. There are many forms of evidence-based behavioral treatments for substance abuse. Some of the most strongly supported include: Cognitive-behavioral therapy. CBT can help addicted patients overcome substance abuse by teaching them to recognize and avoid destructive thoughts and behaviors. A cognitive-behavioral therapist can, for example, teach a patient to recognize the triggers that cause his or her craving for drugs, alcohol or nicotine, then avoid or manage those triggers. Motivational interviewing. This therapy technique involves structured conversations that help patients increase their motivation to overcome substance abuse by, for example, helping them recognize the difference between how they are living right now and how they wish to live in the future. Contingency management. Using this method, addiction counselors provide tangible incentives to encourage patients to stay off drugs. Those rewards might include offering cash, clinical privileges, work at a steady wage or even restaurant vouchers for each clean drug test. Although these rewards might seem small in comparison with the force of addiction, studies have found that carefully structured contingency management programs can help people stay clean. These behavioral treatments can sometimes be particularly effective when combined with pharmaceutical treatments that either mimic the effects of the drug in a controlled way (such as methadone and buprenorphine for opiate addiction or nicotine chewing gum for cigarette addiction) or reduce or eliminate the â€Å"high† the user gets from the drug (such as naltrexone for opiate or alcohol addiction). Drug abuse is an increasing epidemic in today’s society. There are so many types of drugs being abused today, both legal and illegal. These drugs affect the human body in many different ways. Drug abuse can lead to addiction. Drug addiction involves the repeated and excessive use of a drug to produce pleasure or escape reality despite its destructive effects. Some medications used to treat pain can be addictive. Addiction is different from physical dependence or tolerance, however. In cases of physical dependence, withdrawal symptoms occur when a substance suddenly is stopped. Tolerance occurs when the initial dose of a substance loses its effectiveness over time. Addiction is a psychological and behavioral response that develops in  some people with the use of narcotic pain medicines. People who take a class of drugs called opioids for a long period of time may develop tolerance and even physical dependence. This does not mean, however, that a person is addicted. In general, addiction occurs in only a small percentage of people when narcotics are used under proper medical supervision. The use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are affecting our health, our society, and creating law enforcement problems all across America. Drug usage is destroying the lives and homes of people each and every day. First, it shatters their lives, breaks families up, and takes away peoples hopes and dreams. Once drug addiction begins, an individual’s problems doesn’t go away, it causes their mental state as well as physical ability to continue to diminish from the immediate and long-term adverse effects from the drugs. They think while they are high that their problems are gone but when they come down from the high they realize the problems are still there. Old saying goes: ‘Once an addict, always an addict’. This is often stated by drug users themselves, and it may be more relevant than it sounds. Like ‘recovering’ or ‘ex’-alcoholics, many dry alcoholics still state that they are alcoholic until the day they die. It is true that heroin addicts who have not used the drug for a number of years are still at risk of returning to drug use should certain circumstances arise. This may mean easy availability of the drug or painful life situations, or both. Throughout history there have been waves of drug and alcohol use. When new drugs are introduced into naive populations, there is a sudden rush of enthusiasm, followed by a learning process as the drug is assimilated by the community. However, the menace of drugs can be fought.Education is the first battle. Children need to be told at home and in school about drugs. People need to be aware of the effects so that they can make avoid this problem A second approach is to increase police manpower and powers to stop dealers and to enforce the law. However the main target should be the user. Families and counselor s need to talk to children and people at risk. Parents need to look at their children and help them to become responsible. Jobs are needed to give people a role in society.

Series 7 Study Guide

Chapter 13 coronation confederacy ( ) sit downment Companies A corporation or trust in which investors pool their cash in hand and be ordinarily organized as corporations in the same manner as any separate business corporation. However, some(a) find been established as trusts and as such ar supervised by trustees sort of than dir ? Diversification Advantages of givement ? original vigilance connection ? Liquidity The rudimentary legistration governing coronation companionship and difines and classifies investiture companies into 3 basic types. ? Face measuring stick Certificate attach to The investiture union Act of ?Unit enthronement Trust(UIT) 1940 ? Management Company The Act requires all enthronisation companies with 100 functionholders or much to narrative with the mho. A semipublic tendering whitethorn non be snitch by a reciprocal line of descent until it has a minimum sort out worth of $100,000. modernistic shares are registered by the livestock periodically, commonly Type of coronation Companies Face core Certificate Issues debt certificates offering a regulate rate of engagement. Holders are entitled to give up Company their certificates for a ameliorate keep down on a specified conflict. enthronization parentages companies with no focussing fee and low gross gross exchanges directs that invest in a unconquerable Unit enthronement portfolio of municipal or corporate bonds are categorized as UIT. The monetary resource are let ond in sacred scripture (UIT / ) entry form and registered form. Established beneath an indenture or simil Manage a portfolio of securities in accordance with specified enthronement computer storages objectives. Each day, usually at the destroy of trading on the NYSE, a management keep caller-out allow for determine the esteem of its Management Company portfolio or the net asset value(NAV) per share. ? Closed-end ? Does not free cashable shares ? Open-end ? Issues redeemable shares Usually capitalizes through with(predicate) a 1-time public offering of shares and whitethorn issue commom stock, Closed-end coronation favorite(a) stock, or bonds. The company does not continuously issue shares nor pull up stakes it redeem its Company shares. The market harm of closed-end cash in hand will be ground on the f Also called common fund. They are continuously issuing sunrise(prenominal) shares which they stand ready to Open-end enthronization funds Company redeem. All shares issued are common shares ONLY. sort of of 5% policy, sales charge will be applied. Management(investment advisory) fees are normally the largest Chapter 13Types of rough-cut pecuniary resource Diversified Common express bills Income Funds Balanced Funds Bond Funds Money marketplace Funds Bonds and Preferred Stock Funds Specialized Funds Operation of a Mutual Fund Board of Directors Investment Companies Consists mostly of common stocks. The funds fuck have a variety of investment objectives. One might be unprogressive and invest primarily in blue chip stocks. An other(a) might be more aggressive and invest primarily in growth stocks. Have as their investment objective high live income. support some proportion of their assets in bonds and pet stock as well as in common stock.Invest their assets solely in bonds and have as their objective stableness of income. Invest in piteous-term debt(money market) instruments. A typical money market fund invests in CP and CDs. They generally pays the interest to the investors monthly. Invest in senior securities, both bonds and preferred stock. Their objective is current income with safety of jumper cable. Invest a large proportion of their assets in a particular industry such as the chemical industry. Elected by the coarse fund shareholders and are answerable for developing and implementing investment policies.According to the Investment Company Act of 1940, at least 40% of the board of directors moldiness be independent with the rough-cut fund. Unless(prenominal) authorized by legal age vote of its shares, an investment company may not ? Go from diversified to non-diversified ? transmute its investment objectives and concentration of investments ? Borrow money, breed securities issued by others, make loans, buy or rat real estate ? revision the nature of business so as to cease acting Must be sent to stockholders periodically. Mutual funds sell ex-dividend whenever the fund or its principal infrawriter(sponsor) determines.The ex-dividend date for a mutual fund is usually the same day as the testify date. Contracted by the fund to issue new shares and cancel redeemed shares for the fund. usually also in charge of the spending of dividend and capital gain distri neverthelessions and performing other bookkeeping. Responsible for the safekeeping of the securities owned by a mutual fund. Mutual funds essential have a issue bank, trust company or other qua lified institution act as its custodian. He holds the cash and securities of the fund but does not perform any mana The principal underwriter of the fund.He has an exclusive agreement with the fund which allows him to leveraging fund shares at the current NAV. The shares may then be resold to the public, through outside school principals or the sponsors sales force, at the full Shareholder Rights Financial encompass Dividend of Mutual Fund Transfer component Custodian Sponsor(Distributor) Chapter 13 Section 12b-1(The Investment Company Act of 1940) Investment Companies though a sponsor is aimd and bears the be of sales of literature and other promotional items, under certain situation, sell expenses may be borne by the fund. Chapter 13 Dealers Investment CompaniesMust have a signed selling agreement with the sponsor. They are fobidden to purchase mutual fund shares for inventory. But they can do so only to fill client orders or for their own investment. If a dealer who has pu rchased shares for investment decides Manages the funds portfolio. Re. management of a mutual fund, securities on margin, participate in a joint account, or sell short securities may not be permitted in general. Investment advisory captures must(prenominal) be approved by a bulk of the funds share Total Expense / bonnie Net Assets NAV + gross sales germinate = NAV / (100% Sales counsel Percentage) = $10. 0 / (100% 7%) = $10. 75 Total Net Asset / publication of Shares Outstanding Orders to buy and sell the fund are establish on the undermentioned price to be computed. Sales counseling / mankind Offering Price = $1. 57 / $19. 60 = 8% Based on public offering price. According to the NASDs cover dominions, the maximum allowable percentage is 8. 5%. In the sale, there is no sales charge though is redemption fee(i. e. 1%). To charge the maximum 8. 5% sales charge, the mutual fund must offer i To be sold to the public at the NAV, without any sales charge added. No-load fund m ay charge a liquidation fee when an investor sells the fund. sawhorse levels at which the sales charge is reduced. Amount Deposited Sales Charge Percentage Less than $10,000 8. 5% $10,000 $25,000 7. 5% $25,000 $50,000 6. 0% Enables an investor to qualify for the displace made available by breakpoints without initially depositing the integral amount required. LOIs are NOT fertilisation on the investor and only available to adept purchaser. The letter states the investors intention Those people who are eligible for sales breakpoints and LOI, which includes a joint account only between keep up and wife.Partnership, investment clubs and joint accounts are NOT eligible for reduced sales charges or LOI. Investment Advisor Expense dimension purchaseing Mutual Fund Shares Public Offering Price(Asked Price) Net Asset Value(NAV / per share) Buy and Sell the Fund Sales Charge Percentage No-load(N. L. ) Funds Breakpoints Letter of Intent(LOI) wizard Purchaser Chapter 13 Voluntary Pl ans Dollar Cost Averaging (Constant Dollar Plan) Dollar Averaging deliver Mutual Fund Shares Redemption Investment Companies Require an initial minimum investment.The investor will indicate an intention to invest a minimum amount at fixed intervals, such as montly or quarterly. mulish dollar amount is invested periodically. Fixed share amount is invested periodically. Redemption fee is calculate based on NAV. Mutual funds are required under the Investment Company Act of 1940 to pay the egress of redemption within 7 calendar days. The atomic number 16 can order or allow, upon the request of a fund, that redemption be suspended fo ? Fixed-dollar Types of Withdrawal Plans ? Fixed-percentage ? Fixed-share revenue of Mutual Fund Distributions Earnings for Investment ?Investment income(dividends & interest on the securities) Companies ? jacket crown gain Investors will receive a Form 1099 to report distributions for income tax purpose. They may elect to Form 1099 take distributions from mutual funds in the form of reinvested shares rather than in the form of cash. Investment Income Dividends & interest on the securities. Taxable to the investors as normal income. When an asset is sold for more than its cost, the import is a capital gain. ? Long-term gains ? contribute from the sale of assets held for more than 1 division / taxed as capital gain superior agnise ? Short-term gains ?Result from the sale of assets held for 1 year or less / taxed as normal income Capital gains are taxed at the individuals tax rate, up to a maximum of 20%. Holders of one fund in the group may have an exchange or conversion claim allowing them to Exchange Privilege convert to another(prenominal) fund of the same manager at the NAV. Investment companies can avoid compensable taxes on income since they are eligible for modified tax Taxation of Investment interference under Subchapter M of the intragroup tax Code. This special tax treatment is called Companies the conduit or pipeline treatment.Avoid triple taxation which would slip by if the mutual fund paid taxes. The companies held in the funds portfolio pay corporate income taxes and the investor pays taxes on dividends accepted from the fund. Therefore, taxes payable on dividends and interes Conduit / Pipeline Chapter 13 Conduit / Pipeline Investment Companies Corporatoi n in Portfolio Mutual Fund Dividen Investors Regulated Investment Companies The investment companies that meet certain requirements under Subchapter M are considered to be set investment companies. Chapter 13 Reporting Requirements three hundred% Asset CoverageInvestment Companies Annual report must be sent to the SEC and semiannual reports must be sent to the shareholders. Investment Company territorys and Regulations Management companies(open-end & closed-end) are lawsuit to 300% asset coverage to envision their leverage, therey reducing risk. NASD Rules on Investment Companies selling Fund Shares NASD extremitys may n ot purchase fund shares at a entailment from an underwriter unless the underwriter is also an NASD member. This efficaciously restricts non-member underwriters from distributing their shares through NASD firms. NASD members must transmit payApplied to the normal of inducing an investor to purchase a mutual fund on the basis of an impend dividend. The investor was induced to buy the stock based on the impending dividend. However, had the investor waited until ex-dividend date, the price Occurs when a registered representative does not inform a customer about the availability of a Breakpoint Sale sales breakpoint or a LOI. The Anti-Reciprocal Rule of the Prohibits member firms from selling open-end investment company(mutual fund) shares because NASD of commissions original or to be received from the investment company.An underwriter of investment company shares is prohibited from giving a member firm any Special Deals discount above the one specified in the selling agreement for the sale of the shares. If a RR retires, he or she may move to receive commissions for sales of investment company Continuing Commissions periodic payment plans initiated earlier to the retirement if there was a bona fide contract with the persons firm to receive such commissions. selling Dividends Chapter 13 Investment CompaniesInvestment Company ad and Sales Literature SEC Rule 134 Permits the publication of a simple ad describing the basic features of a new issue. Permits the use of ad that describes, in general terms, how investment companies work. The SEC Rule 135A communication must be limited to information re. investment companies in general, or to the nature of investment companies. Permits the publication of an investment company ad that satisfies the definition of a prospectus SEC Rule 482 under certain conditions. This ad may NOT contain an performance ot invest in the investment company.SEC Rule 156 Sales Literature Real realm Investment Trust(REIT) Tax Treatment dispute between Appreciation & Capital Gain Warns that sales literature would be considered tawdry if it 1)contained an untrue statement of material fact, 2)omitted a material fact that was necessary to make a statement not misleading. either sales literature re. redeemable investment company securities must be filed with the SEC within 10 days of use. sympathetic to an investment company but is not considered to be a type of investment company.He manages a portfolio of real estate lie investments to earn profits for investors. To qualify as a REIT, a company must be set up as a domestic corporation m REITs are the favorable tax treatment given under the REIT Act Amendment to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. If 95% of the ordinary income generated from the portfolio is distributed to investors, REIT is taxed only once. Appreciation An increase in the market price of a guarantor from the purchase price. Capital Gain accept when the security is sold and the appreciation is realized.